Train Routes

Today , The whole world is under some Intangible Terrorism Virus , Yes intangible. By having so much advanced technology , radiology , detectors , Bomb disposals Vans ,and  supreme type of security , still we got wrong footed to prevent terrorism . DO you think that this is something which is Preplanned Obligations of our past Obligers?

Lets talk about something from history.The history of terrorism is very

old. The first known act of terrorism was held about 2,000 years ago, perpetrated by a radical offshoot of the Zealots, a Jewish sect active in Judea during the 1st century ad. The Zealots resisted the Roman Empire’s rule of what is today Israel through a determined campaign primarily involving assassination. Zealot fighters used the ’sica’, a primitive dagger, to attack their enemies in broad daylight, often in crowded market places or on feast days essentially wherever there were people to witness the violence. But the word terrorism was first used in France to describe a new system of government adopted during the French Revolution.

The word, however, did not gain wider popularity until the late 19th century when it was adopted by a group of Russian revolutionaries to describe their violent struggle against tsarist rule, and now this term has gained a terrific popularity.The term ‘Terrorism’ may be defined as a deliberate intent along with prior planning and involves the killing of innocent people. Or it is a deliberate creation and exploitation of fear for bringing about political change. It includes murders, killings, kidnapping, hijacking, bomb blasts and other activities creating violence or threatening to create violence.

Terrorism has occurred throughout history for a variety of reasons. Its causes can be historical, cultural, political, social, psychological, economic, or religious or any combination of these. In broad terms the causes that have commonly compelled people to engage in terrorism are grievances borne of political oppression, cultural domination, economic exploitation, ethnic discrimination, and religious persecution, perceived inequities in the distribution of wealth and political power.

The act of terrorism can be grouped into three categories; Individual’s act, group’s pursuit and state policy. Individual’s act is invariable the product of injustices, frustrations or denial of legitimate rights etc. A group’s attack is often the outcome of carefully calculated strategies, it may be aimed to highlight a particular point or gimmick people’s attention towards a particular demand of the group. The third one is state’s policy which is sometimes termed as ‘State Terrorism’. One thing which is common in all three categories is that, all terrorist acts involve violence or equally important the threat of violence.

The individual act of terrorism is mostly observed within a local area, while the group pursuit and the state policy acts of terrorism have broad area of influence, i.e. national and international level. Group terrorist attacks have some characteristics in common. First of all they never commit an attack randomly or senselessly. The act of terrorism is carefully planned; even some acts take decades to get planned. This planning includes collection of list of activities of the victim, patterns of daily activities, communication systems, bomb makers, specialists to ensure strategies, mapping of escaping routes, safe houses etc. another common characteristic is secrecy. For this purpose terrorists follow the narrowed pyramid organizational structure, according to which senior command structure and leadership lies at the top.

The most important aspect of terrorist attacks is the ‘target’. Most of the time innocent citizens are the victims of these attacks. Terrorists target innocent citizens to create fear. By generating such an atmosphere of fear they claim ‘power’. Sometimes, some specific people like government officials, business men, transport and vehicle facilities (air craft or train), building etc are also the victims of terrorist attacks. Second type of victims is targeted to draw more attention, some times this type of victims are freed after negotiations but many times the attack results as killings. The most common examples of these ilk of terrorist attacks are attacks of 9/11, hijacking of the air-craft of Indian Airlines in 1999, demolition of Babri Masjid, a recent bomb blast in Nishtar Park.

Terrorists’ attacks not only sow panic but also undermine confidence in the government and political leadership of their target. Terrorism is therefore designed to have psychological effects that reach far beyond its impact on the immediate victims or object of an attack. Terrorism is by nature political because it involves the acquisition and use of power for the purpose of forcing others to submit, or agree, to terrorist demands. A terrorist attack, by generating publicity and focusing attention on the organization behind the attack, is designed to create this power.

Now comes the ‘state terrorism’, as I mentioned earlier that, it is state’s policy which is sometimes known as state terrorism. This type of terrorism is used a s a tool to maintain a country/ state’s influence on a particular area. Well known examples in this regard are the Indian occupation on Kashmir and Israel’s policy for Philistine. In both the cases hundred thousands of people have been killed, women have been raped, the basic rights of the natives have been denied. Regarding state terrorism we can’t forget US policy for Afghanistan and Iraq. But in case of Afghanistan and Iraq, the objective of the act is a little different, i.e. the natural resources found in these regions. Well whatever the objective is, it killed innocent people, so it is terrorism.

How to stop terrorism? The most crucial question, many attempts have been made through out the world to lessen the acts of terrorism, but its increasing day by day. New techniques and innovations are being brought in action. Terrorism has existed for at least 2,000 years and is likely to remain a fixture on political agendas, both domestic and international, for years to come. Terrorism provides a means by which the weak can confront much stronger opponents. It therefore has an enduring appeal to the alienated and the disenfranchised, the aggrieved and vengeful, the powerless and the would-be powerful. In addition, it is relatively inexpensive to conduct while offering a vast potential payoff: the ability to evoke fear and alarm and inflict pain and suffering in the hope of compelling agreement to demands made.

Concisely, terrorism is evolving constantly to overcome governmental countermeasures designed to defeat it. It also involves an ongoing search for new targets and unidentified vulnerabilities in its opponents. This quest also raises the possibility that terrorists may pursue unconventional means of attack, such as chemical, biological, or radiological weapons, or nuclear weapons. The latest terrorist tactics include cyber-terrorism, using computers to destroy computer networks or systems, in future it may be electronic warfare that targets critical infrastructure, such as communications and power facilities, or societies in general.

Throughout the world, terrorism reinvents itself in new and more dangerous forms. As older groups are defeated or exhausted, more radical and more violent successors often take their place. Although terrorism likely can never be completely eradicated, countering its threat requires continuing vigilance. The highly individual nature of terrorism’s causes, the diversity of its perpetrators, and the complexity of its fundamental characteristics present enormous challenges to those who must effectively counter this menace.

The call center business is a growing multi-billion dollar endeavour worldwide. The term call center almost brings with it images of outsourcing and foreigners manning lots of telephones. While this is not necessarily wrong, it isn’t the full story of what a call center is. They are about much more than just answering telephones. What is a Call Center? There are many different types of call centers. Some accept only inbound calls; these are calls coming in to the company being represented. Others offer only outbound call center services. Most are now offering both inbound and outbound as well as lots of other operations. Call centers tend to have more than one client, with some of the larger call operations having hundreds of clients. These clients are generally in a number of different businesses. The industries which utilize the services of call centers include finance, tourism, retail, manufacturing and many services such as utility companies. Outbound call centers focus on making calls to customers and potential customers to sell a product or service. Some act as bill collection agencies, while others also do surveys for clients. In many cases the customers have no interest in where the call center is located as long as their needs are being met. How to Operate a Call Center The first step in operating a call center is to have the necessary infrastructure in place. The very basic need is for telephones and Internet access since not all call centers have to be an elaborate affair. A call center business usually has to choose between two main types of interface, Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) and Intelligent Voice Recognition (IVR). ACD systems are used to route the calls to the agents who answer incoming calls in a particular order. IVR is used primarily to collect information about callers so as to know which agent to route the calls to. This is the equipment which also holds pre-recorded ‘Please Hold’ messages as well. Many call centers are now in essence, contact centers because they handle email communication as well as telephone calls. In fact these are now becoming the norm as email becomes the standard means of communicating. As such, the use of instant messaging is now quite common as a means of assisting or talking to customers. The next aspect to operating a call center business is staffing. It is important to use persons with a clear speaking voice, especially if they are not native English speakers. Providing trainers is also a necessary component for a successful call center operation. Included in running a successful call center is the need for administrative support. This area would handle acquiring clients, staffing issues and billing. InSO International Call Center is a full-service call center in that the Company offers everything you want your call center to do. It does this so effectively that your company’s efficiency and profit margins will improve. Some of the services InSO provides to its valued customers are:

While some customers may hit out at call centers this normally happens when the service is really poor. When customer support service is good, generally there are never any issues. Some call centers such as InSO are committed to quality service and building customer loyalty. InSO does this in a number of ways, with two being: 1. Having a call center offshore as well as one located in the USA. Some companies and their customers want to deal only with persons in the home country. InSO has effectively met this need.

2. The call center agents employed both in the USA and India are highly trained. In addition they are able to speak in a clear voice so there is no problem with accents causing communication and comprehension problems.

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation was created by Congress in 1970 to take over the passenger rail services previously required to be operated by private freight railroad companies in the United States. Those companies reported they had operated the services without profit for over a decade.  The vast majority of passenger rail routes in existence at that time were shut down to focus the service on the most heavily used lines.  The popular nickname “Amtrak” was created as a blend of the words “America” and “track.”

Amtrak provides a number of rail pass programs to entice prospective passengers and their families on their trains.  Here are three tips/hints for travelling on Amtrak rail passes:

One:  Buy the pass that fits your vacation need.  You must consider the number of days and the number of segments on which you wish to travel.  A segment takes place any time you get on and then get off a vehicle (train, bus, ferry or other allowable leg) regardless of length.  Therefore if you travel from Chicago to Whitefish, MT on the Empire Builder, get off the train to visit Glacier National Park for a week and get back on the Empire Builder to Seattle, you have used two segments.  The 15 day USA Rail Pass allows eight segments, the 30 day pass allows 12 segments and the 45 day pass allows 18 segments.  Alternatively, the California Rail Pass gives you the ability to travel in the Golden State on any seven days in a 21 day period.  If you are on a train that arrives at your destination at 12:15 am, you have travelled on two days.

Two:  You must be cognizant of the pass’ restrictions.  Both passes cannot be canceled if it has been used for travel.  The rail pass is for travel in regular Coach Class seats.  Certain trains are excluded for travel.  Business Class or Sleeping Accommodations require additional fees.  You are restricted to four one-way journeys over a given route segment.  You must make advanced reservations for travel in addition to holding the pass.  Rail passes are not transferable.

Three:  On the positive side, children passes are discounted.  Up to two children riding with a fare-paying adult may receive a rail pass for half-price.  One child under two may ride free with each fare-paying adult.  Also, American and Canadian citizens can by the USA Rail Passes.  Previously, only non-North Americans could get Amtrak’s best deal!

If you ask me what is the one most important fact to look for in a university while planning to study abroad. ‘Accreditation’ is my answer, Hands down! Accreditation is now-a-days ‘the most important’ word while planning to apply for schools. Earlier I was of the view that scholarship providing schools or schools in big cities are the best options but I have started believing that, for a 2 year scholarship or for the sake of living in a big town, no one should or can afford to put the entire career in jeopardy. Accreditation decides your career and life in a major way when you are on a foreign soil. A friend of mine who was junior to me in medical school went to a non- accredited school in UK. After his graduation he was not considered for any jobs or higher study options. On the contrary, his classmates who were of British origin got jobs although they had a lower GPA. It does matter for an international student as natives have opportunities irrespective of the accreditation status of the school they went to.
In common terms, accreditation is the official recognition of a school, university or institution for provision of satisfactory education, training or exam preparation. This in turn can help employers/ hiring agencies to know who they are hiring when you complete your education. Should an institution decide to procure accreditation, agencies mentioned below give opportunity to make choices, to exercise volition regarding accreditation. The process of accreditation requires the school to meet certain norms and criterion that are established by various regional accrediting agencies enlisted as follows-
New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
North Central Association of Schools and Colleges (NCA)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Navajo Nation, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges (MSA)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Central America, Europe, and the Middle East.
Southern Association of Schools and Colleges (SACS)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Latin America.
Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
California, Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Palau, Micronesia, Northern Marianas, Marshall Islands, and other Australasian locations.
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges (NWCCU)Provides Accreditation to schools in-
Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington.
There is no legally designated accrediting agency in the United States and Europe. The only safe route in USA for applying to schools is a thorough consideration of the aforementioned agencies.I don’t deny the existence of numerous agencies in USA but the once which really are acknowledged widely are mentioned here.